Essay on A Christmas Carol as Allegory - 4131 Words

A Christmas Carol as Allegory The novel A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens can be represented in different ways. It can be represented as a simple story with a moral, where a man named Scrooge is visited by four ghosts who give him a chance to mend his ways. However Dickens also gives the novel a more profound meaning by using symblosim and so it can be represented as an allegory. The four ghosts are repeated symbols that give structure to the novel. The book is divided into chapters that end after each ghost has left Scrooge. This is due to each ghost giving a different atmosphere in the novel. The four ghosts that come to visit Scrooge are: Marley, the ghost of Christmas past, the ghost of Christmas present and the†¦show more content†¦This ghost is a cross between a child and a small old man. It is partly the form of a child to emphesise Scrooge as a child; innocent, but also it symbolises hope for Scrooge to change. It also has features of an old man to show that time has gone by but also to show how the past experiences make us wiser. The ghost wore a white tunic to represent purity and innocence. It held a green holly and its dress was trimmed with summery flowers to show the past exists in all the seasons. From the crown of its head there sprung a bright clear jet of light, this light represents the ghosts knowledge and symbolises how it tries to enlighten Scrooge. However the ghost is carrying an extinguisher under its arm which it wears for a cap. As Scrooge never thinks about hi s past as he wishes to forget it, for many years the ghost was forced to wear the cap and remain hidden. The cap also represents Scrooges stubborness to not allow people to help him, as the light represents enlightenment and he does not wish to have it. The ghost of Christmas past gives an atmosphere of peace, innocence and wisdom. The ghost that follows the next night is the ghost of Christmas present. This ghost represents the Christmas spirit. Similar to Santa Claus he is in the form of a giant man. It wears a simple baggy green robe/mantle, bordered with white fur and on its head a holly wreath with shiningShow MoreRelatedScrooges Journey of Growth and Redemption in a Christmas Carol810 Words   |  4 PagesIn A Christmas Carol, Charles Dickens represents Scrooge as an unsympathetic man who is offered the opportunity to redeem himself. Through use of language, the reader is positioned to view him adversely, but during the journey of morality lessons shown by three spirits, Scrooge recovers his sense of joy by undergoing a significant transformation. Scrooge seeks redemption through the many lessons taught by the Spirits of Christmas Past, Present, and Yet to Come. In A Christmas Carol, DickensRead MoreChristmas Carol Analysis679 Words   |  3 PagesCesar Granda E.G 121 When reading A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens you realize that Scrooge’s childhood has a huge impact on his adult life, his adult self is a mirror image of his child self, both in his emotions and relationships. This becomes apparent when the ghost of Christmas past appears and takes Scrooge on a journey back into his childhood days. His childhood really molds Scrooge into the person he becomes later in life. Scrooge was a lonely and withdrawn child becauseRead MoreChapter 12 : Is That A Symbol?1083 Words   |  5 Pagesassociations readers have, but also on emotional reactions which captures the reader emotionally. f it isn’t symbolism, its allegory, which stands for other things on a one-for-one basis that convey a certain message. The cave is a symbol of secrets and mysteries represents mainly by how the reader engages the story. Keys: We want symbols to mean something, something for all of us Allegory fails if there is obscurity between the i) emblem, ii) the figurative construct. iii) the thing it really representsRead MoreEssay on Dickens Use of the Supernatural in A Christmas Carol2381 Words   |  10 PagesDickens Use of the Supernatural in A Christmas Carol A Christmas Carol is built upon numerous contrasts: rich and poor, family and loneliness, generosity and miserliness, affection and cruelty, past, present and future. Most of these contrasting forces are brought to light within the character of Scrooge himself. The compulsive, lonely, miserly man, who eats his abstemious meals in the shadows, emerges from his cold-heartedness into a generous, fun loving, warm andRead MoreAnalysis Of Shirley Jackson s The Lottery 1883 Words   |  8 Pages Christmas, Hanukkah, Kwanzaa. These winter holidays involve being around with family and close friends. 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There is no one definite meaning unless it’s an allegory, where characters, events, places have a one-on-one correspondence symbolically to other things. (Animal Farm) c. Actions, as well as objects and images, can be symbolic. i.e. â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost d. How to figure it out? SymbolsRead MoreGreed Study Guide2179 Words   |  9 PagesAurelius Clemens Prudentius composed a poetic allegory of the seven deadly sins, the Psychomachia. What does this title mean? Battle for the soul 24. â€Å"Of all the vices, there is none more frightening than greed,† writes Prudentius. Where does he depict greed prowling with her â€Å"rake-like fingers,† accompanied by â€Å"the brood of their mother Greed’s black milk:† murder, pillage, scavenging of the dead, civil war, etc? decimated field 25. In Prudentius’ allegory of sin, greed is temporarily defeated byRead MoreEveryman-a Medieval Play Review2976 Words   |  12 Pagesexperienced it being performed on stage. Some scholars say that it was written sometime in the late 1400’s, while others insist that it is a translation of a Flemish work called â€Å"Elckerlijc†, which was written by Peter van Diest in 1495. Everyman is an allegory play which is heavily based upon Christian religious perspectives; also it is resoundingly similar to the Christian belief of the resurrection of Christ, and his ascension into Heaven, after the crucifixion. The first act of Everyman, opens with

Air Pollution Essay - 1780 Words

Air Pollution Earth is the only place in the universe that can support human life. It is very important that we realize this fact and take very good care of it. Various human activities cause the destruction of earth. Human beings can live a few days without food and water however humans can last only a few seconds without oxygen. Various human activities lead to the aggravation of the quality of air. Gases produced by human activities mainly due to exploitation of resources and industrialization cause air pollution. Green house gases mainly chlorofluorocarbons; carbon†¦show more content†¦Currently carbon dioxide is responsible for 57% of the global warming trend. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s): CFC’s are lowering the average concentration of ozone in the stratosphere. â€Å"Since 1978 the use of CFC’s in aerosol cans has been banned in the United States, Canada and most Scandinavian countries. Aerosols are still used around the world and accounts for 25% of global CFC’s use†. (Miller 448). Spray cans discarded or leaking refrigerator and air conditioning equipment and the burning plastic foam products release the CFC’s into the atmosphere. Depending on the type, CFC’s stay in the atmosphere from 22 to 111 years.† Chlorofluorocarbons move up to the stratosphere gradually over several decades. Under high energy ultra violet (UV) radiation break them down and release chlorine atoms, which speed up the breakdown of ozone (O3) into oxygen (O2). Chlorofluorocarbons, also known as Freons, are green house gas that contributes to global warming. Photochemical air pollution is commonly referred to as â€Å"smog†. Smog is the contraction of the words smoke and fog, smog has been caused by water condensing on smoke particles, usually from burning coal. With the introduction of petroleum to replace coal economies in countries, photochemical smog has become predominant in many cities, which are located in sunny warm and dry climates with many motor vehicles. The worst episodes ofShow MoreRelatedAir Pollution essay910 Words   |  4 PagesAir pollution has become a major problem in the United States. The agricultural industry must help maintain air quality. By doing that the United States has started trying to make machines that will help reduce the pollution in the air which will help the environment. One way the United States has tried stopping air pollution and that is to create a solar powered machine which decreases air pollution. But also there are some ways that the people of the United States can help stop air pollution. Read MoreEssay On Air Pollution1500 Words    |  6 PagesIntroduction: Pollution is when a harmful or poisonous gas is emitted in the presence of air that can be very harmful to the environment even for humans, especially when we don’t do anything . We might think that pollution is not really a problem in the world but it is one major problem and some countries are suffering from it now. 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Other pollutants canRead MoreAir Pollution - Essay 71320 Words   |  6 Pagesthink about air pollution, they usually think about smog, acid rain, CFC s, and other forms of outdoor air pollution. The health of many people is affected by chemical substances present in the air within buildings. We chose this topic to be more aware about air pollution these days because it is more harmful to our health. To know some idea on how to handle air pollution and the importance of protecting the environment. An expression implying that we live because we breathe. Fresh air is the phase

Dworkin and Hart Free Essays

PART TWO – ESSAY (1) Dworkin’s â€Å"third conception of the law† called Law as Integrity is based in part on the assumption that there is a single author of the law. The community personifies expressing a coherent conception of justice and fairness. According to law as integrity, propositions of law are true if they figure in or follow from the principles of justice, fairness, ad procedural due process that provide the best constructive interpretation of the community’s legal practice. We will write a custom essay sample on Dworkin and Hart or any similar topic only for you Order Now Furthermore, Dworkin would approve and support the judges for creating an opinion and setting a new precedent on this case. Dworkin’s Chain Novel concept fits into this case perfectly by adding new precedent which the lawmakers of the time could not foresee. The lawmakers had not created such a provision dealing with this situation but surely did not intend to protect this defendant just because the language of the law was absent. (2) Hart might criticize the majority opinion because he will believe that the justices have done a dishonor to the law. Regardless if the defendant attained the land through unmoral means, he did not violate any laws at that time. Social rules should not be taken into consideration with the law since there is no precedent dealing with such issue. A law is separate from morality, and does not in itself guarantee that the primary social rules of a given legal system are just or morally right (Adams 43). The majority opinion relied on judges to go beyond their jurisdiction and make moral judgments when there was no such precedent or law set on that matter. The judges, as Hart may claim, did not follow primary and secondary rules in reaching their majority opinion. Hart may support the dissent of Judge Gray by applauding Grays reasoning on the case. In particular, Hart would support Gray when Gray states, â€Å"The question we are dealing with is whether a testamentary disposition can be altered, or a will revoked, after the testators death, through an appeal to the courts, when the legislature has by its enactments prescribed exactly when and how wills may be made, altered, and revoked, and apparently, as it seems to me, when they have been fully complied with, has no left room for the exercise of an equitable jurisdiction by the courts over such matters. Adams 152). † Hart would support this train of thought by Gray because Gray clearly makes it known to the majority that there are already laws stating how to properly handle wills, and that the courts really have no jurisdiction after a testator has deceased and the will has come into affect. Gray is only following the law and keeping morality separate. How to cite Dworkin and Hart, Papers

Future Time Perspective and Motivation

Question: Discribe about literature review on strengths and weaknesses and generalizability? Answer: Introduction Research can be described as a systemic investigation into a subject using various sources to establish facts as well as reach conclusive points. Based on research, existing knowledge databases are increased or improved to arrive at newer applications to cater to the objective of the research. The objective can vary from theorizing a hypothesis or supporting an already established fact to negating a theory that no longer explains a phenomenon. In certain cases where the objective is to develop insights into a project by testing the validity of processes used in the original project, an element or the project as a whole is simulated (R. K. 2013). The research begins with the identification of the research problem that subsequently is followed by formulation of specific questions about research. Base on this a method or multiple methods appropriate to the task are selected, and data is collected using the chosen technique/ techniques (R. F. 2011). The final step of the research processes characterized by refining the data to eliminate the redundancy, and retain the promising data so that a conclusion can be arrived. The findings of the research are then communicated or in some cases, recommendations are also drafted for a possible strategy/ theory (J. W. 2013). Literature Review A literature review can be described as a scholarly work in text form that is produced using the current knowledge base citing intriguing findings as well as theoretical citations about a particular topic. This method is largely a secondary research method and does not produce original work in any form or a factual piece of research. It is more identifiable as a subjective and guideline imparting work that supports an already established theory/ method or fact. The basic purpose of literature review is to support an already stated scholarly work so that a new research project incidental to the work can be proposed effectively. Strengths and Weaknesses of Literature Review Literature review holds high value in gauging the status of research in the chosen field by the researcher. When a research team selects a subject to research on, a Literature review helps to determine the level of research that has already been conducted in the field so that the existing knowledge base can be built. Based on the literature review, a research can identify the key experts on a particular subject. When the researcher explores the articles for the literature review, the writer who has the maximum amount of contribution on particular subject can be identified as experts and can be reached out to in case of consultation needed on a subject (Z. 2013). The literature review also helps in extracting the right questions that a research needs to answer. Much research papers/ literature review shed light on few questions that lay the stepping-stones of the next natural question. Building on this cascade, a definitive question can be arrived that get improved by the level of existing research in the field (C. 2013). However, literature review has many disadvantages attached to it with the major one being its incompleteness. The literature review cannot be taken as a concrete foundational block for any decision or research as it is based on the subjectivity of the individual rather than objective, substantial data. This data has been perceived to be relevant and irrelevant materials making the research lackluster in its appeal. Many times literature review is based on the scholarly material that is likely obsolete which renders to review useless for further use for its prospective reader. Also, literature review is limited by the amount of prior research data on the subject. If the subject is thoroughly covered and researched upon, chances of creating a strong literature review are high while the review weakens with less prior work in the field. Access to the relevant data also assumes greater importance even if the researcher in the field finds extensive work being already done to build on. Suitability of literature review A literature review finds extensive applications in research projects that are largely limited by their size and scope. Any project while does not hold substantial value does not attract investments, which makes a literature review a cost effective method of reinforcing a fact by the research team. Collaborating parts from various researches that form a conclusive material can improve the existing database. A literature review has also been identified as instrumental in case of a field of experimentation/ research that has been thoroughly covered and hence with the present set of resources no change to the database can be made. A number of relevant sources increase the applicability of literature reviews as the quality improves. Also in organizational parlance when the research is solely aimed at arriving at a guideline than an elaborated fact list, literature review holds high preference. In such cases, the most effective way to deliver a conclusive work is literature review, as with the time and resources, no other research method seems efficient. Another area where literature review has extensive application is where the decision or conclusion is largely independent of the research to be conducted (J. A. 2012). Generalizability of results of literature review The scope of the literature review is limited in nature as a result of which it cannot be generalized in the true sense. The reason for limitation of literature review lies in the nature of the research methodology- secondary. As the data used in a literature review is secondary, the relevance, as well as, genuineness of the source is unknown. Another limitation of the literature review that does not allow generalization is that no new experiment or project to negate or support theory is conduced which weakens the case for literature review. The review has also been perceived as highly subjective in nature as a result of which the application of the review is limited by the extent of the grasp of the writer on the matter and the recommendations that he introduced thereof. For the generalization of the research methodology, it should exhibit consistency in the results where it is applied and since literature review varies from individual to individual, the results also obtained exhibi t such characteristic (Bell, E. 2015). Issues of using literature review One of the major issues associated with literature review is the access to quality information to the researcher. In most cases, the material required for literature review is not electronic and hence limited to physical libraries separated by geographies that make the access practically impossible. This leads to usage of alternate material for literature review that can altogether change the direction of the research. Ethical considerations also cloud literature review as the individual can introduce facts that are misleading in nature and can result in misguiding the reader of the review. The quality of literature review is also dependent largely on the subjectivity of individual/ team as the selection of articles/ work can be both constructive and redundant in nature (J. W. 2013). In some instances literature review has been found to be biased for an element in the review that appeals to the individual/ team working on the review. This can lead to results that are infected by biasing hence yield weak scholarly work. The dilemma between usage of quantitative work or qualitative work also looms large in case of the literature review that results in a wide spectrum of findings/ results of literature review (E. 2013). Interview The interview is a qualitative research method where an interviewer or a group of interviewer asks questions from people to extract facts or statements from them. It is a primary research method and has found its used in various research contexts. The subjects have different comprehension for different individuals that make the substratum of an interview. Understanding the meaning of the statements made by the interviewee is the main task of any interview (J. 2015). An interview is an intern man interaction and is deemed to be a far more personal form of research than any other methodology. Unlike the mailing or questionnaire form of research, an interview opens the window for communication and consequent probing. The interview is particularly very easy for the interviewees point of view if the objective is mapping the opinion of the subject. Although interviews are time-consuming and resource taxing, they are the only research methodology that can unravel thin facts and insights in a field of study. The chances of conflicts are also reduced considerably in an interview as all the miscommunications are accounted for and cleared on the spot (S. B. 2014). Strengths and weaknesses of interview method One of the key identifiable strength of interview method is the level of details that can be revealed through it. The interview can give the exact picture of a specific event or thought process in an interview as well as give other cues to the interviewer. Indications such as voice, tone, body language and emotional balance at each answer of the interviewee can give an added dimension to the interviewer that is almost impossible with any other research method. These hidden details of the answers of the interviewee can deliver the correlation between objects, elements and people in a lucid manner. Another key advantage of this method is that it can be tailored to suit a particular respondent to extract the exact information required for the project at hand. More illustrations regarding the statements made and clarity on the facts exhibited by the respondent can be easily accommodated in an interview. Interviews can also aid in creating a better version of a report as the comprehension of the researcher improves with an interview form of research (A. 2012). However, interview method has some inherent weaknesses with the major one being the arrangement of an interview. The people required as interviewers are hard to find, and so is the time, place and venue of interview. Another major weakness of interview is that the method is very hard to administer by the interviewer. During the interview, the interviewer has to make the interviewee feel comfortable, focus on the questions that need to be asked and at the same time observe the non verbal communication. A common consequence of many interviews is the missing data that makes it difficult for the researchers to compare populations used for the research. An interview although reveals more than what is required but can often miss crucial information (Y. S. 2011). Suitability of the interview method Interview method finds extensive use in many situations with the prominent one being a topic that requires opinions rather than factual data. Businesses, operations or theories that are related to human interactions and opinions have large application of interview method for further extrapolation of the established theories. For instance, in knowing the preferences of the citizens of U.K. while opening a new restaurant chain can be easily determined using interview method as the details required can only be known using this method (M. 2012). In situations where the data required is highly qualitative in nature, interview method finds applications. An example of such situation is phenomenon such as paranormal activity that has not found any data at all and still is guided by the perceptions of the experts on the matter (H. (2011). Also, in a situation where the requirements include determination of personalities or any other demographic factor, interview method is a reliable method. In such cases the responses given by the respondents acts as cues for the research team to work on, as quantitative data cannot explain the effects. An example to support this application is a research to know the consumer behavior of an area by an e-commerce can be done using interview method (R. (Eds.). 2013). Generalizability of results obtained using interview method The results obtained using interview method can be generalized depending on various factors about the interview. One of the most important factors that determine the extent to which an interview result can be generalized is the sample size of interview. If the sample size is large enough the results obtained can be easily generalized while if the sample size is small, the results remain inconclusive. The representation of every kind of respondent in the interview method also affects the generalization of the outcome of the method. If the sample chosen is representative in nature the results can be fairly said to be a fact (A. 2014). Another factor that determines the generalization of the method is the relevance of questions being asked in an interview. If the questions are very different and are not relevant to the subject at hand, generalization is not possible in this case (A. 2012). Issues using interview method Interview method has always been accompanied by many bottlenecks in its successful administration. The foremost issue that interview method has is the resource availability. Resources such as human resource for interviewing and question preparation, decoding the responses and arranging the interview are needed in interview method that makes it a difficult method to administer. Another issue the affects the outcomes of this research is bias. Since interview is a human interaction, the chances of personal biases affecting the judgments is very high which defeats the purpose of the research and renders the data collected useless (J. 2014). The issue of ethics also affects this method since the faithfulness of the process is up to the discretion of the interviewer. For the correct representation of the population sample size selection also forms a key issue as the perception of an adequate sample size is very subjective in nature and moreover larger sample sizes are very difficult to administer (A. 2013). Conclusion In conclusion it can be said that no method is perfect in nature and the selection of one methodology over another depends on the situation where the method has to be applied. Selection of research techniques is a tradeoff where it is chosen for its advantages and the accommodation of disadvantages that a particular situation provides. Literature review is an easy and resource optimized method of research where the researches are substantially based on existing data rather than new experiments (D. M. 2014). This method is largely applicable in situations where data present is sufficient to draw insights from for a particular subject. This method however cannot be generalized due to its large dependency on the sources of error such as human discretion (I. 2013). Interview method on the other hand is required in situations where the focus on the opinions and thought process of the respondents forms great importance. This method is, however, difficult to administer and analyze and can vary from one individual to another. However in interview method, the generalization is possible if all the factors responsible are for generalization such as large population size, representativeness of the sample and competent interviewer and overall research team (D. 2013). References 1. Nuttin, J. (2014). Future time perspective and motivation: Theory and research method. Psychology Press.2. Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C. M., Ormston, R. (Eds.). (2013). Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. Sage.3. Corbin, J., Strauss, A. (2014). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Sage publications.4. Silverman, D. (2013). Doing qualitative research: A practical handbook. SAGE Publications Limited.5. Seidman, I. (2013). Interviewing as qualitative research: A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences. Teachers college press.6. Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.7. Maxwell, J. A. (2012). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach: An interactive approach. Sage.8. Denzin, N. K., Lincoln, Y. S. (2011). The SAGE handbook of qualitative research. Sage.9. Merriam, S. B. ( 2014). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. John Wiley Sons.10. Willig, C. (2013). Introducing qualitative research in psychology. McGraw-Hill Education (UK).11. Mertens, D. M. (2014). Research and evaluation in education and psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Sage Publications.12. Bryman, A. (2012). Social research methods. Oxford university press.13. Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.14. Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015). Business research methods. Oxford university press.15. Thomas, J. R., Silverman, S., Nelson, J. (2015). Research Methods in Physical Activity, 7E. Human Kinetics.16. Yin, R. K. (2013). Case study research: Design and methods. Sage publications.17. O'Leary, Z. (2013). The essential guide to doing your research project. Sage.18. Stirman, S. W., Kimberly, J., Cook, N., Calloway, A., Castro, F., Charns, M. (2012). Th e sustainability of new programs and innovations: a review of the empirical literature and recommendations for future research. Implement Sci, 7(17), 1-19.19. Fink, A. (2013). Conducting research literature reviews: from the Internet to paper. Sage Publications.20. Rubin, A., Babbie, E. (2013). Brooks/Cole empowerment series: Research methods for social work. Cengage Learning.21. Schiavetti, N., Metz, D. E., Orlikoff, R. F. (2011). Evaluating research in communicative disorders. Pearson.22. De Vos, A. S., Delport, C. S. L., Fouch, C. B., Strydom, H. (2011). Research at grass roots: A primer for the social science and human professions. Van Schaik Publishers.23. De Castro, A. (2011). Introduction to Giorgi's existential phenomenological research method. Psicologa desde el Caribe.24. Pickard, A. (2012). Research methods in information. Facet publishing.